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Which of the following are indicators of poor quality bricks?

  1. Uniform size and color

  2. Flaking, chipping, or excessive moisture absorption

  3. Heavy weight and density

  4. Sunlight resistance

The correct answer is: Flaking, chipping, or excessive moisture absorption

Indicators of poor quality bricks primarily include physical defects and performance issues that can affect the integrity and longevity of the material when used in construction. Flaking, chipping, and excessive moisture absorption are clear signs that a brick may not meet the standards expected for durability and strength. Flaking or chipping can occur due to various reasons during the manufacturing process, such as improper firing temperatures or inadequate raw materials. These defects compromise the brick's structural integrity and can lead to further degradation over time, particularly when exposed to weather elements. Excessive moisture absorption is another critical indicator of poor quality bricks. Bricks should have a low moisture absorption rate to ensure they do not swell and crack when water penetrates them. High moisture absorption can lead to freezing and thawing cycles that can damage the brick, making it less suitable for construction. In contrast, uniform size and color, heavy weight and density, and sunlight resistance may not necessarily indicate poor quality. For instance, uniformity in size and color is usually a characteristic of well-manufactured bricks, suggesting consistency in the production process. Heavy weight and density can be indicative of bricks that are robust and likely to have fewer voids, thus enhancing their strength. Sunlight resistance is also a desirable quality as it